Sabtu, 19 Mei 2012

PDF Download , by Sami S. David Jill Blakeway

PDF Download , by Sami S. David Jill Blakeway

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, by Sami S. David Jill Blakeway


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Product details

File Size: 6820 KB

Print Length: 384 pages

Publisher: Little, Brown and Company; 1 edition (July 25, 2009)

Publication Date: August 12, 2009

Sold by: Hachette Book Group

Language: English

ASIN: B002J05IPQ

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Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#63,330 Paid in Kindle Store (See Top 100 Paid in Kindle Store)

We had a second trimester loss and even after getting surgery to correct an injury, I was still having problems conceiving. My counts were great and our doctors were going to start more advanced testing. We were frustrated and I bought this book along with a few others.In here there is a list of medication that the father can be on that could reduce sperm count. My husband had massive stomach problems and was on high doses of proton pump inhibitors after being misdiagnosed with an ulcer. Because of this book, we stopped him taking the medication (turns out it was GERD as the PPT did nothing for him anyway). 3 months later I got a positive.We could have spent months and thousands of dollars being tested when it just needed to be a medication switch for him. We would probably still be struggling without this book. Nowhere in any of the stages we were in did anyone ask what medication my husband was on and I can’t believe it was that simple.

My husband and I have been trying for over two years with no luck. I was diagnosed by my fertility specialist as "unexplained infertility," and she wanted to go directly to IUI and IVF if necessary. If nothing physically was wrong with me, then why wasn't she willing to do any further tests to see if I can't get pregnant naturally? I don't mean to knock western medicine, but I dumped my doctor when she wouldn't even examine whether or not I had hostile cervical mucous or endometriosis.I'm really glad I found this book. It was very thorough, informative, and easy to understand. It was a very quick read and even provides an online quiz to make identifying your "fertility type" easier. It's been three months since I purchased it and started following the recommended guidelines for my fertility type (stuck), which meant changing my diet and seeing an acupuncturist. I am not yet pregnant, but I have already had plenty of physical changes to know that this really does work. My body is changing for the better, and I know now that I never would have gotten pregnant through IUI or IVF had I not changed my daily routine. Turns out I was experiencing a perpetual state of gut inflammation and lack of blood flow to the uterus (blood stagnation) due to dairy, sugar, and not enough fruits/vegetables. Western medicine never would have identified this problem. After reading this book, I followed the recommendations for "stuck" types:- I started out with weekly acupuncture (she understood that the expenses add up, so now it's every three weeks)- I stopped drinking coffee cold turkey and began drinking green tea or raspberry leaf tea with a slice of lemon- On top of the prenatal vitamins, I took additional supplements as recommended, including herbs provided by my acupuncturist- I increased my daily intake of fruits and vegetables- I started eating organic meats, eggs, and produce (unfortunately this is expensive but I swear it's worth it)- I'm making a conscious effort to avoid processed foods (sometimes it's just unavoidable)- I cut refined sugar and stopped with the baking. No more candy, cookies, muffins, cakes, or pastries- I cut dairy completely (the acupuncturist saw that dairy was a problem immediately)- I stopped using tampons and now use pads (it sounds gross, but you'll also be able to evaluate your blood "quality" easily with pads)Since I've made these changes, I've lost 5 pounds, which I attribute to the cuts in dairy and sweets. In fact, now that I'm off dairy, I've noticed that I am almost never bloated or uncomfortable - a feeling I thought was normal for most women. My basal body temperature, which has been erratic for months, now looks almost textbook (see image below). I was able to predict my ovulation, but my body temperature would never rise to sufficient levels to ever sustain a pregnancy. Now, for the first time in years, I have hope again that I may actually become pregnant.I wish I could write this review and confirm that I really AM pregnant, but I still believe that the changes to my body are a sure sign that whatever I was doing before was putting my body under constant stress and definitely caused imbalances. I never would have thought to do any of this if it were not for this book, so please give it a chance! I've passed the book on to another friend who is having trouble getting preggers. I would highly recommend it to anyone, even husbands who are having a hard time understanding what is going on.The image below was taken using the Ovia app on an iPhone. On the left is a snapshot of the predicted peak fertility phase back in November. On the right is the same phase in December. Basal body temperature is depicted by the dark pink line. I blame Thanksgiving travel for the goofy ovulation temperatures in November, but this basically shows that my temperatures NEVER increased fast enough post-ovulation. It was very sporadic and saw-toothed and hardly ever went above 97.8 degrees. This past December is the first time I've ever seen my body temperature do that - and that is exactly how it's supposed to look!

My husband and I tried for almost 4 years to get pregnant. We started down the IVF path; completed all the testing... But the amount of money was keeping us from continuing. We were heading towards desperate, and we were going to make an appointment at the end of the month to start IVF. It was marked on my calendar to call. I was in a Facebook group where someone suggested this book. I was working my way through the book and got pregnant within a month of implimenting some of the strategies. We never had to make the IVF appointment.My closest friends knew our struggle. They asked what I did differently. I told them to get the book. They did. Every. Single. Person. Got. Pregnant.Please note: I have endometriosis. The only way I've been able to get pregnant is to eat keto. I ate keto when I got pregnant (on accident) with my 16 year old son. I ate keto and got pregnant with our daughter (on purpose). I did not follow the dietary directions in this book. I eat keto to keep my endometriosis in check - so I've been eating this way for many years. My biggest assumption is that it would take 3 months for you to regain fertility if you started eating that way - hence the title of the book.Our daughter will be 8 months old on Xmas eve this year.

We are trying to conceive for over 2 years now and I’ve read sooo many books on the matter. Something was always lacking or it would go down the religious route. This book and a few well tracked cycles would have probably gotten me much farther down the road. It combines eastern and western approaches to fertility in an unprecedented way!I am preparing my body and mind for another IVF next year and I have the highest hopes for success thanks to this book. Who knows- I might not even need one.

most doctors treat you like you're sick after 40 and think IVF is the only solution (in some cases this is true and some require a donor egg) . ..sometimes, the solution is much more specific and related to a woman's individual health.. she has to be looked at and examined as an individual and treat the the issues that are making fertility difficult in the first place. this book gives you the tools to do that and opens up your mind to the endless possibilities of what could be effecting your fertility/health. i love the fact that the focus is to make the woman feel healthy FIRST and that's the most important part of conception. the advice was great and even greater if you have the opportunity to consult with Dr David himself (which i have done and he's very knowledgeable) . i would highly recommend this book.

Really good information for fertility. There's quizzes to determine your needs then specific recommendations, mainly for diet.

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Rabu, 09 Mei 2012

PDF Ebook Cracking OKCupid: The Modern Man's Guide to Online DatingBy Kyle Trouble

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Cracking OKCupid: The Modern Man's Guide to Online DatingBy Kyle Trouble

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Cracking OKCupid: The Modern Man's Guide to Online DatingBy Kyle Trouble

Cracking OKCupid includes detailed strategies on how to build a profile, message girls, get their number, and get them offline. There’s also detailed notes on how to skip the usually necessary date at the bar and get her straight to your place, and more, such as…

How to utilize OKCupid’s unique algorithm to best screen for girls YOU want
- How to give yourself a slight edge in regards to height, income, and body type without going over the top
- How to get a girl to agree to a first date in your own apartment
- The best date venues for an OKCupid date
- The answers to difficult frequently asked questions regarding online dating

  • Sales Rank: #837349 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2015-02-13
  • Released on: 2015-02-13
  • Format: Kindle eBook

Review

  • "If you're on OkCupid, you owe it to yourself to check out Cracking OkCupid." - MasculineProfiles.com
  • "I could have had instant success if I had something to break it down as clearly and as thoroughly as Kyle does in Cracking OKCupid." - Jeremy, SplooshWorld.com
  • "It would definitely be useful for maximizing a man's dating profile." - Mario Favela, RedPillGame.com
  • "Kyle has made all other books on the subject obsolete." - Cloak, TheProperVillains.com
  • "Cracking OKCupid is an absolute pleasure to read with some unintentional humor to go with good advice." - Wald, ScarTissue.us

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Download PDF New Brewing Lager Beer: The Most Comprehensive Book for Home and MicrobrewersBy Gregory J. Noonan

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New Brewing Lager Beer: The Most Comprehensive Book for Home and MicrobrewersBy Gregory J. Noonan

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New Brewing Lager Beer: The Most Comprehensive Book for Home and MicrobrewersBy Gregory J. Noonan

Greg Noonan’s classic treatise on brewing lagers, New Brewing Lager Beer, offers a thorough yet practical education on the theory and techniques required to produce high-quality beers using all-grain methods either at home or in a small commercial brewery. This advanced all-grain reference book is recommended for intermediate, advanced and professional small-scale brewers. New Brewing Lager Beers hould be part of every serious brewer’s library.

  • Sales Rank: #437590 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2003-09-17
  • Released on: 2003-09-17
  • Format: Kindle eBook

About the Author
Greg Noonan was a pioneer in home-brewing methodology, an acclaimed brewing author, a co-founder of one of the first brewpubs in New England, an innovator in professional brewing techniques and a truly great publican. He opened theVermont Pub and Breweryin Burlington, VT in 1988 after getting the legislature to pass a bill to accommodate the concept of brewpubs. In 1993, Greg wroteScotch Alefor theClassic Beer Stylesseries fromBrewers Publicationsand followed that with a revision of his original work titledNew Brewing Lager Beer, in 1996. He received theRecognition Awardfrom theAmerican Homebrewers Associationin 1997, theAchievement Award fromBrewers Associationin 2004, theRussell Schehrer Award for Innovation in Brewingin 2005 and numerous posthumous awards. The most oft-repeated accolade about Greg Noonan was that he always took the time to talk to anyone interested in brewing.

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Jumat, 20 April 2012

PDF Ebook Planet Law School II: What You Need to Know (Before You Go), But Didn't Know to Ask... and No One Else Will Tell You, Second Edition

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Planet Law School II: What You Need to Know (Before You Go), But Didn't Know to Ask... and No One Else Will Tell You, Second Edition

Planet Law School II: What You Need to Know (Before You Go), But Didn't Know to Ask... and No One Else Will Tell You, Second Edition


Planet Law School II: What You Need to Know (Before You Go), But Didn't Know to Ask... and No One Else Will Tell You, Second Edition


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Planet Law School II: What You Need to Know (Before You Go), But Didn't Know to Ask... and No One Else Will Tell You, Second Edition

New copy. Fast shipping. Will be shipped from US.

  • Sales Rank: #6027206 in Books
  • Published on: 1700
  • Binding: Paperback

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Selasa, 17 April 2012

Ebook The New Media Monopoly: A Completely Revised and Updated Edition With Seven New Chapters

Ebook The New Media Monopoly: A Completely Revised and Updated Edition With Seven New Chapters

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The New Media Monopoly: A Completely Revised and Updated Edition With Seven New Chapters

The New Media Monopoly: A Completely Revised and Updated Edition With Seven New Chapters


The New Media Monopoly: A Completely Revised and Updated Edition With Seven New Chapters


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The New Media Monopoly: A Completely Revised and Updated Edition With Seven New Chapters

Review

No book on the media has proved as influential to our understanding of the dangers of corporate consolidation to democracy and the marketplace of ideas; this new edition builds on those works and surpasses them. -Eric Alterman, author of What Liberal Media? "A groundbreaking work that charts a historical shift in the orientation of the majority of America's communications media-further away from the needs of the individual and closer to those of big business." -Bruce Manuel, Christian Science Monitor

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About the Author

Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Ben H. Bagdikian is dean emeritus of the Graduate School of Journalism at the University of California at Berkeley. His other books include Double Vision: Reflections on My Heritage, Life, and Profession.

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Paperback: 299 pages

Publisher: Beacon Press; 20th ed. edition (May 15, 2004)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 0807061875

ISBN-13: 978-0807061879

Product Dimensions:

5.5 x 0.8 x 8.5 inches

Shipping Weight: 12 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.0 out of 5 stars

15 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#686,598 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

Whoever wondered, like me, what happened to quality journalism, should read this book. After Reagan won the presidential election in 1980, conservatives began attacking the Fairness Doctrine. "The Fairness Doctrine required stations to devote a reasonable time to discussions of serious public issues and allowed equal time for opposing views to be heard." That seems like a pretty good definition of quality journalism to me. How can you ever imagine editors to defend a view contrary to their own professionalism? This is only possible in a world where media conglomerates grew so big that they don't like other big corporations being attacked. The author says : "Before newspapers and their conglomerates began buying broadcast stations, in 1969 when the Supreme Court ruled that the Fairness Doctrine was constitutional, the majority of newspapers editorialized in favour of the Fairness Doctrine. But by 1984, when newspapers had become part of the growing conglomerates that owned both newspapers and broadcast stations, those newspapers had reversed their positions and editorialized against the Fairness Doctrine. At least 84 percent of newspapers editorials then argued that the Fairness Doctrine should no longer be required."When I was a small boy, I was still taught at school that the press is a warrant for our democracy. I suppose they don't teach that anymore. The free press doesn't exist any longer. The media are now part of the establishment. Five media conglomerates own the most newspapers, magazines, publishers, movie studio's and radio- and television channels, and the author calls those by their names : "These five conglomerates are Time Warner, by 2003 the largest media firm in the world; The Walt Disney Company; Murdoch's News Corporation, based in Australia; Viacom; and Bertelsmann, based in Germany. Today, none of the dominant media companies bother with dominance merely in a single medium. Their strategy has been to have major holdings in all the media, from newspapers to movie studios. This gives each of the five corporations and their leaders more communications power than was exercised by any despot or dictatorship in history".Welcome to the "democracy" of the 21st century. Whoever is interested in a historical perspective of the brainwashing of the American people that started in the 20th century should also read Alex Carey Taking the Risk Out of Democracy: Corporate Propaganda versus Freedom and Liberty (History of Communication).

With "The New Media Monopoly", Ben Bagdikian delivers one of the best books on the modern state of the media ever written. He describes in fascinating detail the events that have surrounded the growth in the concentration of media ownership. Unlike some other texts covering the same topic, Bagdikian's writing is very readable and captivating. However, he does seem to provide more anecdotal evidence to support his observations than hard numbers. I would highly recommend accompanying this book with Robert McChesney's "The Global Media", which covers basically the same trends, but provides more hard data. McChesney also focuses more on the larger business dealings of media corporations that have lead to their consolidation rather than Bagdikian's typically smaller examples.

This book is super revealing — if you watch the "nightly news", etc. — better vet most of what they pump at you!

A great book of the "Big 5 Media Conglomerates". This is an easy read on how the political economy of our powerful media mongols operate and its not pretty. They are dubious in their policies, PR and are operate with an imeasurable amount of control. We are literally being fed what they only want us to know. It is messed and must read for any one to take the journey to enlightenment.

A must read for everyone.

Very interesting subject but heavy reading. Must pay attention to each chapter. I was highly educated about our current media and how it is being manipulated.

Its alright, kind of repetitive.

I haven't yet finished the entirety of this work, yet my reading hitherto has, I think, given me a decent-enough engagement to write a review. It's sources are excessively internet based; it's tone is a tad too colloquial and folksy for my tastes; there are times when one gets the sense that it's formally confused--is it a manifesto, as an earlier reviewer noted, or an extended open letter...and so on. I've read better works of its ilk. No offense to the author.

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Kamis, 12 April 2012

Download An angel at my table: The screenplay : from the three volume autobiography of Janet FrameBy Laura Jones

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An angel at my table: The screenplay : from the three volume autobiography of Janet FrameBy Laura Jones

  • Sales Rank: #4817744 in Books
  • Published on: 1990
  • Number of items: 1
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 93 pages

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Senin, 09 April 2012

Get Free Ebook The Way of Four Spellbook: Working Magic with the ElementsBy Deborah Lipp

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The Way of Four Spellbook: Working Magic with the ElementsBy Deborah Lipp

Popular Wiccan author and priestess Deborah Lipp is back with The Way of Four Spellbook, the companion edition to her successful elemental witchcraft book, The Way of Four.

This knowledgeable guide presents never before explored magical material, such as combining elemental work with elemental purpose in a structured spell. Many different magical methods and styles are covered, including spell structures that are closely aligned with each element―handwritten spells for Air magic, soaking and bathing spells for Water magic, sex magic for the element of Fire, and burial and planting magic for Earth spells.

In her friendly and forthright way, Deborah Lipp gives detailed information on the essence of a spell, including the meaning of intention, the difference between target and goal, the use of interconnection, sources of power, magical focus, and much more.

  • Sales Rank: #1085664 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2006-04-08
  • Released on: 2006-04-08
  • Format: Kindle eBook

From Publishers Weekly
My apartment is clean. My apartment is clean. My apartment is clean.... So mote it be!" Who knew that a traditional elementary school punishment such as writing lines was really an "Air Spell" in disguise? Readers will find such tidbits galore in this hands-on spell book, a follow-up companion to Lipp's earlier The Way of Four. Both volumes use the four elements—air, fire, water, earth—as the primary foundations for beginning spell casters to learn and practice their art. A high priestess in the Gardnerian Wiccan tradition, Lipp likens this elementary spell book to a "cookbook," and indeed, readers will find spells structured like recipes, with lists of "needed tools" replacing ingredients sections and clear sets of instructions for whipping up each spell. Lipp's prose style is easy to follow, though so casual as to be almost annoying at points. While the book includes many essentials commonly found across the vast array of available spell books, it also offers less typical guidance, such as a helpful warning against practicing spells while pregnant. As well, readers are sure to enjoy some of the more unusually pleasurable spells, including a wonderful-sounding bath spell to alleviate writer's block; cookie spells; sex spells; and many others. (Apr.)
Copyright © Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

About the Author

Deborah Lipp was initiated into a traditional Gardnerian coven of Witches in 1981, became a High Priestess in 1986, and has been teaching Wicca and running Pagan circles ever since. She has appeared in various media discussing Wicca, including the A&E documentary Ancient Mysteries: Witchcraft in America, on MSNBC, in The New York Times, and in many smaller TV and print sources.

Deborah has been published in many Pagan publications, including The Llewellyn Magical Almanac, Pangaia, Green Egg, The Druid's Progress, Converging Paths, and The Hidden Path, as well as Mothering Magazine. She has lectured at numerous Pagan festivals on a variety of topics.

Deborah is a technical writer with a variety of skills. She lives in Rockland County, NY, with her son, Arthur, who tap dances, and two cats. Deborah reads and teaches Tarot, designs wire-and-bead jewelry, solves and designs puzzles, watches old movies, hand-paints furniture, and dabbles in numerous handcrafts.

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
CHAPTER ONE

What Are the Elements?

In much of Western occultism, including Paganism and Wicca, the four elements of Air, Fire, Water, and Earth describe the universe and everything in it.

Everything can be understood as taking part in one or more element. Everything that is whole contains all four, and can be understood more deeply by dividing it into four, and viewing it through that lens. The elements are the building blocks of creation; they are the beginning of things. The undifferentiated void that preceded creation had no elements; or, to put it another way, all elements were One. But creation-things, reality-consists of the elements.

From a scientific point of view, the periodic table of the elements describes the building blocks of the universe, and the modern magician doesn't reject science. But from a magical point of view, both simplicity and symbolism call for only four elements.
The four elements give us a way of thinking about the world. They give us a structured approach to knowing the unknowable. They provide us with a system of interrelations; and magic is all about interrelations. Have you ever heard of "sympathetic magic"? If you've heard of a Voodoo doll or poppet, you have. Sympathetic magic means that something that is like a thing (has sympathy with a thing) is the thing. A doll is like the person it represents; therefore it is that person. That's interrelationship-sympathy. A doll is an obvious, direct representation, like drawing a picture. Other sympathetic objects are parts of the original.

The well-known stereotype of Witches using fingernail clippings in a spell is an example of sympathetic magic; the part (the clippings) has sympathy with the whole (the person). There are all manner of direct and indirect sympathies that interconnect us. Elemental things have an indirect sympathy with each other. A candle is not the same as a lion, but both represent Fire and therefore have sympathy with each other. These interrelationships add to our understanding of the universe around us.

The Qualities of the Elements

Air

In the natural world, Air is associated most closely with the sky, wind, and clouds. Mountain peaks, which seem to touch the sky, are also Air. Birds of all kinds belong to this element, and hawks and eagles are especially associated with Air, because they fly so very high and make their nests at such high altitudes. A stork or duck, by contrast, is a less powerful symbol of Air, because, although these birds fly, they live in and near the water.

In a person, Air is associated with thought and with the intellect, corresponding in the Witches' Pyramid to "To Know."1 Ideas are said to come from Air, as is inspiration, a word that also means "to breathe in." Logic and scholarship are Air functions, which is perhaps why academics are said to live in ivory towers as opposed to ivory basements. People who spend all their time thinking "have their heads in the clouds," and if they are "airheads," they mistake imagination for real life and are impractical (because practicality is an Earth quality, which they lack).

The direction of Air is the east, and since the sun rises in the east, Air is associated with the morning, with the spring (the beginning of the agricultural and astrological year), and with beginnings of all kinds. Anything that "dawns" is a thing of Air. The things in our lives that dawn, be they projects, creations, or careers, begin with an idea. Often inspiration feels like the sunrise, a bright beginning full of promise and possibility. Since seeds are beginnings and are associated with the spring, seeds, too, belong to Air.

Air's gender is male. Don't think of this as "men," but rather, as yang, or outward-moving, in terms of magical energy. Throughout this book, I will refer to Air creatures and people as male when a singular pronoun is needed, just to use good grammar, although obviously Air people are both male and female.

For magic, we need to look at Air's symbolic associations. Its colors are sky colors-white and sky blue-although some systems assign yellow to Air. The magical entity of Air is known as a sylph. The astrological Air signs are Gemini, Libra, and Aquarius. The Tarot suit of Air is Swords, although there is an interesting story behind this correspondence.

In 1910, Arthur Edward Waite published his book The Pictorial Key to the Tarot and his "Rider-Waite" Tarot deck. Waite was a Kabbalist and a member of the Golden Dawn magical lodge. His was the first deck to give all seventy-eight cards unique illustrations, and the first to draw associations between the Tarot and the Kabbalah. The Rider-Waite deck became the most popular and influential Tarot ever created, and its influences are seen in the vast majority of decks available today.

However, Waite's membership in the Golden Dawn included an oath of secrecy, so he hesitated to reveal too much in his deck or accompanying book. He decided to switch two of the elemental correspondences in order to preserve his oath. He couldn't very well change the association of Cups to Water, since that's a pretty obvious one, and Pentacles are mostly depicted as coin-and again the association between money and Earth is straightforward and obvious. But Swords and Wands are abstract tools, that were not in common usage at the turn of the last century. The Golden Dawn associated Air with Wands and Fire with Swords, so Waite reversed these two and filled his deck with Fiery Wands and Airy Swords.

If you're a Tarot reader who has used Waite's deck or a Waite-derived deck, it's hard to break the mental pictures of Air/Sword and Fire/Wand. Every Wand in Waite's deck has little flames, salamanders, and orange colors, and every Sword has prominent clouds, sylphs, and a lot of light blue. Perhaps because most Witches read the Tarot, most associate the sword, or athame,2 with Air.

On the other hand, the original association used by the Golden Dawn and others makes a good deal of sense. The Sword is the stronger and more destructive tool, and Fire is more destructive than Air. The Wand is the tool of the intellectual magician, but the Sword is the tool of the willful warrior (Fire is associated with will). Once you get to know the tools, it's hard to escape the conclusion that a person wielding a Sword means business (has will), but a person holding a Wand might still be just thinking it over.

Other magical tools that are associated with Air are incense, feathers, bells, rattles, and fans.

Fire

In nature, Fire is itself, first and foremost. Fire has always been set apart from the other elements, because Fire alone has no natural home on the earth; Air has the sky, Water the sea, and Earth the land, but only Fire stands apart from geography. In nature, Fire is the outsider; it is out of control, and it conforms to no known rules.

The places Fire is most connected to are the desert and volcanoes. The Fiery animals, lions and tigers, are distinguished by their fiery color and disposition.

Salamanders are also associated with Fire, both because of their bright-orange color and because of the way that licks and curls of a fire can come to resemble salamanders (which is how the magical being of Fire got its name). Other lizards, such as iguanas and Gila monsters, are also Fiery. Other natural things associated with fire either burn-like chiles and cumin, or are red or (especially) orange-colored-like fire opals. Fire is male and outward-focused.

The personal quality of Fire is will, and in the Witches' Pyramid, Fire is "To Will." Willfulness burns hot, and the will to get things done is a spark that ignites. Temper is also associated with Fire; a fiery person is a "hothead," and lust is Fiery-you burn with desire. All of these things are closely associated with the life force itself, the spark within that fills us with life. For that reason, healing is a thing of fire; a person who is losing his spark needs Fire magic to reignite him.

Fire resides in the south. It is associated with noon, the hottest and brightest time of day, and summer, the hottest and brightest time of year. In terms of endeavors, just as beginnings and ideas are Air, things that are "on fire" are Fire. As Air is the seed, Fire is the sprout, emerging. Fire takes the original seed and gets it going,  gives it force. Lots of creativity gets stuck in Air; it needs an application of Fiery will to turn on the power.

Fire can be a transformative force; in fire, the old is burned away and what comes out is utterly different. Transformation by fire is sudden and total: the blacksmith transforms iron ore into steel, raw meat becomes a delicious meal, and logs become embers, all by using fire.

In occult symbolism, Fire is orange, red, and sometimes yellow. As already mentioned, its magical entity is the salamander. Fire signs of the Zodiac are Aries, Leo (another lion association), and Sagittarius. As just discussed in the section on Air, the tool and Tarot suit of Fire can be either Swords or Wands (I use Swords).

The representative of Fire on a Wiccan altar is one of those things that people like to debate. The obvious choice is a candle, or perhaps an oil lamp. A flame on the altar is a pretty intuitive way to represent Fire-can't argue with that! Others (including me) prefer to use burning incense to represent both Fire and Air.

In a typical Wiccan ritual, the female (yin) elements Earth and Water are combined, and the saltwater is used to represent them both. So I think it makes sense, and is more balanced, to represent the two male (yang) elements by combining them as well. So, the incense (Air) is put onto the censor (Fire) to make smoke (Air) rising from a burning ember (Fire)-an elegant arrangement.

Water

There are myriad natural forms of water, including not just the sea but every body of water from a little creek to the Great Lakes. Water is also found in our bodies: in the clichéd "blood, sweat, and tears," in mother's milk, and, perhaps most importantly, in amniotic fluid. Just as life first evolved in the sea, the fetus swims in saltwater as it "evolves" and develops. Since all bodies of water have tides, the moon is also associated with water, and many lunar qualities are also Water qualities.

Sea creatures, both plant and animal, are connected to Water. Fish, eels, shells, coral, seaweed, sponges, and driftwood all partake of this element. Dolphins and whales are the creatures most commonly associated with Water, although I suspect this has more to do with our affection for them than with any natural or symbolic imperative.

The personal quality of Water is feeling. Emotion flows, following its own path, which may meander. Emotion runs deep, with mysteries not visible on the surface. Emotions can be like sunken treasure, hiding secrets at the bottom of the waters of memory or the subconscious. Emotionality and mood swings are, of course, associated with the moon, as are secrets-those things that are just barely visible, lit by moonlight and not exposed to the sun. In the Tarot, the Moon card is full of watery images, such as crustaceans crawling out of the water, and the card's meaning is rooted in secrets, mysteries, and hidden knowledge. Water is female, and looks within.

The moon and Water are the menstrual cycle, and Water is childbirth as well, making Water perhaps the most feminine of elements. Since moon phases are cyclic, ending where they begin and beginning where they end, it makes sense that Water is also associated with death, and it's not surprising that many people's folklore depicts death as a passage over water (for example, crossing the River Styx). To make the cycle complete, Hindus refer to rebirth as an ocean.

All of these things-the moon, feeling, depth, birth-death-rebirth, and mystery-combine to associate Water with dreams and the subconscious, and from there to altered states in general-trance, vision, and transformation coming from these things. (Note that the slow, dreamy transformation of Water is different from the sudden, shapeshifting Fire transformation.) Transformation by Water is visionary and may take the quality of a journey, which is probably why the Hero's Journey in the Tarot generally begins with a passage over water.

Watery people are weepy and overflowing with feeling. They are dramatic, sensual, and otherworldly. They can be draining to be around-wet rags. They can also be the opposite-joyful and full of love; their cup runneth over. The generosity of Water flows forth abundantly; people in love feel love toward everyone, and Water is love.

Water's direction is west. Sunset in the west is associated also with death, with the end of things, and with transition. Twilight is an in-between and mysterious time, as is autumn. Neither seed nor sprout, Water is the sap flowing through flora, just as blood flows through fauna.

In our creative/becoming process, we used Air to gain inspiration and Fire to provide the get-up-and-go. Now we need to let creativity flow through us. If you've ever written or played music or painted, you know there's a time to let go and let it happen. That's the Water time. Intuition has to play a part in any endeavor, and a "go with the flow" attitude has to allow us to take advantage of opportunities we never could have predicted in advance. Because this is daring, in the way that closing your eyes and letting yourself fall is daring, Water corresponds in the Witches' Pyramid to "To Dare."

For magical symbolism, Water has ocean and lunar colors-deep blue, sea green, and silver. In Western occultism, green is the color most typically used. The magical undine is Water's entity. Water signs are Cancer, Scorpio, and Pisces (Cancer's crab and Scorpio's scorpion both appear on the Moon card in the Tarot). The magical tool of Water is the cup, which is the Holy Grail. On a Wiccan altar, Water is always represented by a simple dish of water-some people add a seashell, generally a conch. A conch can even double as a water dish.

Earth

Finally, we reach Earth. In nature, well, Earth is nature. Earth is the substance of the body of our Mother, Gaia, the Earth Herself. Earth is manifest in all things that are solid, or fertile, or both, including rocks, green fields, rolling hills, and soil. Caves and other buried places are quintessentially Earthy. Most people consider the bear the animal of Earth, although pigs, boar, and cattle also belong to this element. Bulls are an important Earth symbol, both because of their Earthy nature and because they are associated with the astrological sign Taurus. So, astrologically, goats are Earth as well, since they are associated with Capricorn. Also, humans drink milk from both cows and goats. Although all beverages are associated with Water, if one was to choose an Earth beverage, it would surely be milk.

A human being's Earth is her body. From Earth comes solidity, stability, and commitment. We call Earth our home, both the home of all life that is Mother Earth, and the house or apartment we live in. By extension, Earth is hearth and family and all those qualities that make us feel "at home." To be an earthy person is to be pragmatic, realistic, and tactile. Good Earth qualities in a person make her "the salt of the earth," but an excess of negative Earth qualities make her a "stick-in-the-mud." Earth is that deep, solid, immobile place, both in the negative sense of stubborn and in the positive sense of patient. The Witches' Pyramid describes this quality in the attribute "To Be Silent."

Earth is located in the north and is associated with midnight-because north is opposite the noon of south and because subterranean places are dark. Winter is in the north-the coldness of midnight, the coldness of deep soil, and the stillness and silence of waiting for spring. To be solid is to be patient and to hold still. Contrarily, Earth is also fertility-pregnancy, fruit, the physical manifestation of our labors. In endeavors, Earth is completion-the finished project-the thing that results. Earth is female and inward-focused.

The colors of Earth are brown and black for soil, and deep green for fertility. Gnomes are the magical creatures said to inhabit the earth, and the Zodiac signs associated with Earth are Taurus, Virgo, and Capricorn. The Tarot suit of Earth is Pentacles or Disks, which represent money, that most physical of possessions (since it provides all other physical possessions). Wealth and buried treasure are things of Earth. The elemental tool of Earth also is the Pentacle, which, in Wicca, is a disk or plate with a pentagram inscribed on it. (Some traditions inscribe other symbols as well.) Since a plate also holds food and since food is also of Earth (the physical product that is the outcome of farming; the sustenance of the body), the pentacle is a doubly good symbol (triply good, really, since the pentagram on it represents wholeness).

The representation of Earth on a magical altar is usually salt. Salt is considered an exceptionally magical symbol. It was once used as money, and is also used as a food preservative-preserving the body through winter and driving away harm.

Air-Fire-Water-Earth

By now you've noticed how the four elements combine to make cycles, like circling the compass (east-south-west-north), or the seasons, or the time of day. They can make abstract cycles, like the cycle of an endeavor or creation that we described in this chapter: idea, then empowerment, then intuition, then manifestation/outcome. A romance, too, can begin with an idea-an observation, a crush, a hope. Next comes Fiery lust, then Watery love, and finally Earthy commitment. In Paganism, we know that every cycle ends at the beginning: midnight is followed by dawn, winter is followed by spring, and the manifestation of a creative process gives birth to the inspiration for the next process.

Is There a Fifth Element?

The Hindus have five elements-Air, Fire, Water, Earth, and Spirit (akasha). Most Western occultists (Wiccans, Neopagans, magicians) go along with this view. In fact, the pentagram-the major symbol of Paganism and Witchcraft-is said to represent the five elements. According to this view, each of the points of the pentagram represents one of the elements, with Spirit on top (figure 1).

I was taught that Wiccans place Spirit on top of the pentagram, while Satanists place Spirit on the bottom of their inverted pentagram. The idea is that Spirit is either above or below matter. For me, as a Wiccan, I see a contradiction between a religion focused on the Earth Mother, and a mystical separation of Spirit from matter-and how can either be above the other without them being forever separate? In a religion that venerates the earth as a Goddess, sacred spirit is inseparable from sacred matter.

Instead of looking at the four elements as being apart from Spirit, I chose to look to my own rituals to find a more meaningful philosophy.

A Wiccan circle is set up with a candle or torch at each of the cardinal points (east, south, west, and north), representing the elements, around the perimeter. Traditions vary as to where the altar is placed, but I was taught to place it in the center. I began to see the mystical value of the altar's placement: the ritual is a "squared circle" (figure 2), marked at the quarters, and the altar is the meeting point of the elemental points.

The mystical sigil that depicts a magic circle, then, is the squared circle-not the pentagram (which has mystical significance in its own right). At the center of the circle is the altar, drawing exactly balanced energies from each of the four quarters. What's on the altar? Why, the altar is where the representations of the gods, the idols, are placed. Doesn't that make the altar the place of Spirit?

The answer that I discovered, what I now believe and what I teach, is this: Spirit is what happens when all four elements meet and combine. Spirit is the quintessence, the "fifth essence," the original elemental whole from which the other elements emerged. Elementals have only their individual qualities. For example, Gnomes will only be Earth, and are incapable of acting in any way but an Earthy way; they won't feel or be willful. And Salamanders will only and forever be Fire; we cannot ask them to be stable or exercise self-control. But people, and other beings with Spirit, have the capacities of all four elements, and the freedom to grow and explore in any direction.

Squaring the circle also represents wholeness, balance. Just as nature is balanced, every person should be balanced in the elements-neither an airhead nor a stick-in-the mud, not a hothead or a sob sister. Rituals should represent that balance, and ideas, projects, and theories that don't reflect wholeness are probably missing the boat.

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The Way of Four Spellbook: Working Magic with the ElementsBy Deborah Lipp PDF